![]() The U-space Regulation establishes and harmonises the necessary requirements for manned and unmanned aircraft to operate safely in the U-space airspace, so as to prevent collisions between aircraft and to mitigate air and ground risks. The management of drone traffic will be ensured through the U-space: a set of services that will be deployed in airspace where heavier traffic is expected, such as in urban areas. In the ‘certified’ category, the safety risk is considerably high therefore, the certification of the drone operator and its drone, as well as the licensing of the remote pilot(s), is always required to ensure safety. To obtain the operational authorisation, the drone operator is required to conduct a risk assessment, which will determine the requirements necessary for the safe operation of the civil drone(s). The ‘specific’ category covers riskier civil drone operations, where safety is ensured by the drone operator by obtaining an operational authorisation from the national competent authority before starting the operation. Operational risks in the ‘open’ category are considered low and, therefore, no operational authorisation is required before starting a flight. This category is subdivided into three subcategories, namely A1, A2 and A3. ![]() The ‘open’ category addresses the lower-risk civil drone operations in, where safety is ensured provided the civil drone operator complies with the relevant requirements for its intended operation. It defines three categories of civil drone operations: the ‘open’, the ‘specific’ and the ‘certified’ category. Regulation (EU) 2019/947, which is applicable since 31 December 2020 in all EU Member States, including Norway and Liechtenstein (it is expected that it will soon become applicable in Switzerland and Iceland too), caters for most types of civil drone operations and their levels of risk. What they consider is the weight and the specifications of the civil drone and the operation it is intended to conduct. They adopt a risk-based approach, and as such, do not distinguish between leisure or commercial civil drone activities.
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